Franklin county sanitary landfill landfill gas lfg to liquefied natural gas lng project letter report page 2 authority and solid waste authority of central ohio have each contacted the director of the central ohio clean fuels coalition, sam spofforth, to request assistance in planning these projects. Landfill methane n 2011 accounted for i 103 million metric tonnes of carbon equivalent released into the atmosphere. Some landfills reduce landfill gas emissions by capturing and burningor flaringthe landfill gas. Basics of landfill gas methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and sulfides landfill gas is produced through bacterial decomposition, volatilization and chemical reactions. A blower is necessary to pull the gas from the collection wells into the collection header and convey the gas to downstream treatment and energy recovery systems. Many landfills collect landfill gas, treat it to remove co2, water.
Analyses performed using lfgcostweb are considered preliminary and should be used for guidance. Gascleaning and siloxane removal workshop on fuel cell applications march 67, 2014 guild molecular gate psa based technology for impurity removal h2o, h2s, siloxanes, vocs, co2, n2 and o2 production of gas for pipeline, cng and lng siloxasorb. Geotechnical aspects of landfill design and construction. Most landfill gas is produced by bacterial decomposition, which occurs when organic waste is broken down by bacteria naturally present in the waste and in the soil used to cover the landfill. Stewart, phd landfill gas to energy ghg impacts january 30, 20 3 since it is supposed to be illegal to deliberately add water to a landfill, waste engineers came up with a variety of ideas to increase the gas production in the short term and decrease costs so. Lfg can stress or even kill plant life by displacing oxygen. Landfill gas production rate quick calculation method. Maximizing gas production by managing liquid levels. Landfill gas is a complex mixture of gases that are generated when wastes decompose in modern landfills. Part a sets out the regulatory framework under which landfill gas is to be managed. Gas production rates depend on the rate of decomposition, which in turn is affected by moisture content of the waste, temperature, soil cover permeability, amount of precipitation, composition of the waste, refuse particle size, compaction, and landfilling practices.
Depending upon the landfill design and its management, as well as waste composition, compaction, moisture and several other factors, thousands of landfills are available worldwide to collect and utilise this valuable. Acceptable landfill gas characteristics cont equivalent landfill gas for this product would be. Lmop landfill gas energy cost model lfgcostweb users. The complete pdh or individual chapters can be viewed or downloaded below. Introduction landfill gas lfg is a byproduct of the biodegradation of organic material contained in wastes deposited in landfill sites. Landfill gas is collected using an extraction system that consists of trenches and gas wells installed within the. Therefore, current and future lfg production depends on current and future wasteinplace wip. Landfill gas is produced by wet organic waste decomposing under anaerobic conditions in a biogas.
Subsurface gas typically migrates above the groundwater table and is restricted laterally. The landfill gas energy cost model, lfgcostweb, is a software tool developed for epas landfill methane outreach program lmop to conduct. Landfill gas generation in california for the period 2005 2025 was estimated for waste placed beginning in 1970 4. Theoretical landfill gas yields from complete degradation of the degradable organic matter in household wastes are typically 370m3tonne. An introduction to operation and maintenance of landfill gas. Landfill gas energy project development handbook files. Internal combustion e ngines have generally been us ed at landfills where gas quantity is capable of producing 800 kw to 3 mw, or where sustainable lfg flow rates to the engines are approximately 300 to 1,100 cfm at 50 percent methane. After fossil fuel and agriculture, landfill gas is the third largest human generated source of methane. A typical landfill gas lfg collection and control system gccs is extensive and includes several major mechanical components. A solution for watered in landfill gas wells waste dive. Moisture may also promote chemical reactions that produce gases. Underground pipes connected to the wells bring the.
The procedures need to be regularly evaluated as changing climatic and operational conditions can have an effect on the results obtained. Landfill gas, if uncontrolled, can contribute to smog, global climate change and odors, but it can also be. This proof must be based on a demonstration that the waste types accepted will not produce. Landfill gas to energy factsheet region of waterloo. In fact, at most landfills where gas would be used for energy production, gas is already being captured and flared, so the. Getting to know your landfill gas collection and control.
B avoided landfill gas emissions ch4 b avoided landfill gas emissions co2 c displaced cement production d displaced electricity generation net ghg 170 30100 case 1 case 2 case 3 cement production tonton waste 0. Willumsen lfg consult houlkjashojen 9, dk8800 vilborg, denmark abstract when waste is deposited in landfills, an anaerobic decomposition takes place, and landfill gas will be produced. As such, landfill rng projects only get credit for reducing co 2. An alternative energy source materials resource center recycling scale house landfill gas to. The gas contains approximately 50% methane, which can be used for energy purposes. Franklin county sanitary landfill landfill gas lfg to. Landfill gas to cng 101 basics of lfg conversion to bcng.
Guidelines for monitoring for landfill gas at and near. Landfill gas characteristics heat content of landfill gas. Staff and equipment from the i95 facility are used to respond to emergencies by providing debris removal during emergencies and disasters, including snow and ice control in winter months. However, lower yields from landfills are likely because of incomplete degradation in the suboptimal conditions in most landfills and less than 100% gas recovery efficiency. Trace amounts of other volatile organic compounds vocs comprise the remainder landfill gas is produced by wet organic waste decomposing under anaerobic conditions in a landfill. In addition to energyheat generation potential, these. Landfill gas energy project development handbook files the lfg energy project development handbook pdh is organized into several chapters that address various aspects of lfg energy projects.
Various considerations have influenced the methods of waste management in different countries, such as amount and type of waste produced, type of waste. Landfill gas landfill gas generator dump site power. System design and installation best practices for landfill. Analyses performed using lfgcostweb are considered preliminary and should be used for guidance only. Combined heat and power technology fact sheet series. Most landfill gas is produced by bacterial decomposition that occurs when organic waste solids, food i. Landfill gas migrates from place to place by diffusion and pressure gradient and will follow the path of least resistance. Negligible landfill gas production landfill gas must be collected from landfills receiving biodegradable waste unless the landfill operator can prove to the competent authority that it is not necessary to do so. The presence of moisture unsaturated conditions in a landfill increases gas production because it encourages bacterial decomposition. Recovery resulted in a methane emission reduction of 34,8. A flare is a device for igniting and burning the lfg.
Request pdf landfill gas a key challenge and opportunity provided by sustainable landfilling technologies is the enhanced rate of landfill gas production that occurs. Landfill gas collection and control gas collection and control systems gccs are a common and major component of most sanitary landfills. At this moment 17 landfill gas projects are operational in the netherlands. Impacts of biodiversion targets on landfill gas quality o gas production residual waste up to 2025 o gas production residual waste post 2025 3. The whole biogasprocess can be devided into three steps. May 29, 2019 waste managements springhill regional landfill near campbellton, florida generates green energy by extracting and burning the methane in landfill gas. Thus, with high energy costs, staying on top of operations and. Landfill gas is approximately forty to sixty percent methane, with the remainder being mostly carbon dioxide. An introduction to operation and maintenance of landfill. In addition to energyheat generation potential, these processes may also reduce waste that would otherwise go. Environmental protection agency epa, landfill gas lfg comprises 17. Landfill gas energy lfge projects employ proven technologies to capture landfill gas lfg, a product of solid waste decomposition in landfills.
Landfill gas utilization is a process of gathering, processing, and treating the methane or another gas emitted from decomposing garbage to produce electricity, heat, fuels, and various chemical compounds. Combined landfill gas and leachate extraction systems. Landfill gas products 2355 bishop circle west dexter, mi 48, usa phone. Methane is a shortlived climate pollutant with significant warming potential, and over a 20 year. August 2018 oklahoma city landfill gathers biogas that is processed and transported by third party to oneok natural gas pipeline the system averaged 1,330 mcfd in 2018 total methane emission reduction of 165,000 mcf in 2018. Many landfills collect landfill gas, treat it to remove co2, water vapor, and hydrogen sulfide, and then sell the methane. The rate and volume of landfill gas produced at a specific site depend on the characteristics of the waste e. Additionally, this document includes recommended management practices rmps for landfill operations that will reduce the potential for generation of landfill gas odors and the production of hydrogen sulfide gas. Waste managements springhill regional landfill near campbellton, florida generates green energy by extracting and burning the methane in landfill gas. Depending upon the landfill design and its management, as well as waste composition, compaction, moisture and several other factors, thousands of landfills are available worldwide to collect and utilise this valuable renewable. Landfill gas recovery and utilization is recognized as a costeffective way of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This process causes the landfill to become a more neutral environment in which methaneproducing bacteria are established by consuming the carbon dioxide and acetate. Use of life cycle analysis lca and life cycle costing. The graph showed that the amount of landfill gas would keep on increasing until it reached a maximum in 2012 where 22.
Increase biogas production to generate renewable energy, low carbon transportation fuel, and pipeline grade rng, in turn decreasing fossil fuel based greenhouse gas emissions build healthy soils, sequester carbon, and reduce fossil fuel based inorganic fertilizer use through land application of biosolids develop collaborative partnerships. In fact, landfill gas is a product of three processes. Landfill gas production volume of landfill gas to onsite flare. It would be worth pointing out that both the landfill gas production. Guidelines for monitoring landfill gas at near former dumps crem304 november 2011 page 3 of 10. Like fossil compressed natural gas cng, wastederived renewable cng enables fleets to save on fuel. Part b sets out the legislative requirements for landfill gas management and the role of risk assessment. Landfill gas production models generally need inputs on the gas production potential of waste materials that will be subjected to decomposition.
Production had originally started at approximately 3mw in 1996 and was approximately 0. Landfill gas formation, recovery and emission in the. Current uk guidance associated with landfill gas flaring and utilisation landfill directive landfill scotland regulations 2003 flares engines. Landfill gas is a complex mix of different gases created by the action of microorganisms within a landfill. Landfill gas advocates argue that f gas isnt burned fori green energy, that itll just be vented into the atmosphere, contributing to global warming. Landfill gas migration the production of landfill gas creates a positive pressure within the landfill that forces the gas to migrate. Department of energy, combined heat and power technology fact sheet series u gas turbines, 2016. Previous studies12 have arrived at an average figure for gas yield of about 150m3 for every wet tonne, although this figure varies.
Oklahoma city landfill thirdparty gathering and processing company oneok oneok gas transportation, l. Energy recovery from landfill gas in denmark and worldwide hans c. The pressure monitoring data are then used to calibrate a sitesp ecific, distributedparameter gas flow model of the landfill based on darcys law and the continuity equation. As more waste is placed in the landfill and the gas collection system is expanded, the flare is used to control excess gas between energy conversion system upgrades. The size, type and number of blowers needed depend on the gas flow rate and distance to downstream processes. They are designed to help control odors, minimize nonmethanogenic organic compound releases to the atmosphere, and increase safety by controlling migration. Landfill 2001 ch2 agency for toxic substances and disease. This case study explores the production and use of renewable compressed natural gas rcngderived from the anaerobic digestion ad of organic wasteto fuel heavyduty refuse trucks and other natural gas vehicles in sacramento, california. If you have difficulty accessing or obtaining the information from these pdf documents, please contact lmop.
Lecture 18 leachate and gas production in landfills. Burning the methane in landfill gas produces co2, but co2 is not as strong a greenhouse gas as methane. The gas production potential is affected by the type and proportion of organic material placed in the landfill. Gascleaning and siloxane removal workshop on fuel cell applications march 67, 2014 guild molecular gate psa based technology for impurity removal h2o, h2s, siloxanes, vocs, co2, n2 and o2 production of gas for pipeline, cng and lng siloxasorb siloxane removal systems experience 60 projects total. Organic wastes include food, garden waste, street sweepings, textiles, and wood and paper products. The landfill s gas to energy project stopped operating in june 2018 due to the termination of the ppa between eversource and the contractor who owned the rights to the landfill gas. Anaerobic bacteria consume the organic acids produced in phase ii and form acetate, an organic acid.
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